“‘The state as distinct from tribal organization,’ says Lester Ward, ‘begins with the conquest of one race by another.’ ‘Everywhere,’ says Oppenheimer, ‘we find some warlike tribe breaking through the boundaries of some less warlike people, settling down as nobility, and founding its state.’ ‘Violence,’ says Ratzenhofer, ‘is the agent which has created the state.’ The state, says Gumplowicz, is the result of conquest, the establishment of the victors as a ruling caste over the vanquished. ‘The state,’ says Sumner, ‘is the product of force, and exists by force.’”
— Will Durant